Saïda

Town, northwestern Algeria, on the southern slopes of the Tell Atlas and the northern fringe of the Hauts (high) Plateaux. The city's site has been of military importance since the construction there of a Roman fort. Saïda was a stronghold of Abdelkader, the Algerian national leader who burned the town upon the approach of French forces in 1844. Modern Saïda was founded as

Madeira Islands

Also called  Funchal Islands,  Portuguese  Arquipélago Da Madeira,   archipelago of volcanic origin in the North Atlantic Ocean, belonging to Portugal and comprising two inhabited islands, Madeira and Porto Santo, and two uninhabited groups, the Desertas and the Selvagens. The islands are the summits of mountains that have their bases on an abyssal ocean floor. Administratively they form the autonomous region of Madeira. The islands

Tritone

In musical notation the tritone is written either as an augmented

John

The son of Philip the Bold, duke of Burgundy, and Margaret of Flanders, John was born in the ducal castle at Rouvres, where he spent the greater part of his childhood. In 1385 he married Margaret of Bavaria, and in the following decade

Patristic Literature, Late 2nd to early 4th century

Meanwhile, a brilliant and distinctive phase of Christian literature was opening at Alexandria, the chief cultural centre of the empire and the meeting ground of the best in Hellenistic Judaism, Gnosticism, and Neoplatonism. Marked by the desire to present Christianity in intellectually satisfying terms, this literature has usually been connected with the

Patristic Literature, Late 2nd to early 4th century

Formerly (1974–92)  Confederation of Socialist Parties of the European Community  transnational parliamentary group representing the interests of allied socialist and social democratic parties in the European Parliament of the European Union (EU). Although a socialist group fostered cooperation among socialist parties in the Common Assembly of both the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (later

Vitalism

School of scientific thought—the germ of which dates from Aristotle—that attempts (in opposition to mechanism and organicism) to explain the nature of life as resulting from a vital force peculiar to living organisms and different from all other forces found outside living things. This force is held to control form and development and to direct the activities

Alexander (v)

Alexander became a Franciscan theologian and then archbishop of Milan (1402). Pope Innocent VII appointed him cardinal (1405) and papal legate to Lombardy. Unanimously elected by the invalid Council of Pisa in 1409 when he was 70 years old, Alexander was pope for only 10 months. It was hoped that his election would swiftly terminate

Harderwijk

Gemeente (commune), in the Veluwe (wooded heath) district of Gelderland provincie, The Netherlands. Chartered in 1231, Harderwijk was an important port on the former Zuiderzee and was a member of the Hanseatic League. It now lies opposite Flevoland, Oost, one of the polders created by the Dutch in their 20th-century project to drain part of the Zuiderzee (now called the IJsselmeer).

Addison, Joseph

English essayist, poet, and dramatist, who, with Richard Steele, was a leading contributor to and guiding spirit of the periodicals The Tatler and The Spectator. His writing skill led to his holding important posts in government while the Whigs were in power.